Affordable and reliable sensors enable manufacturers to use low-cost, low-power IoT technology.
Through a range of network protocols for the internet, it has become easier to link sensors to the cloud and other “objects” for efficient data transmission.
Cloud platforms are becoming increasingly accessible, allowing businesses and consumers to access the resources they need to grow without managing them directly. It is a great benefit of cloud computing.
Machine Learning and Analytics have enabled businesses to access and process large amounts of data stored in the cloud more quickly and efficiently. These technologies have been instrumental in pushing the limits of IoT, whereby the data gathered by IoT also empowers these tools.
Advances in neural networks have enabled conversational AI, making natural-language processing (NLP) accessible on IoT devices such as Alexa, Cortana, and Siri, making them more attractive, economical, and suitable for use in the home.
The IETF has defined 6LoWPAN as an open standard, allowing low-power wireless personal area networks to connect to the internet via IPv6. This standard enables technologies such as 804.15.4, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and Z-Wave (for home automation) to communicate to the internet.
ZigBee is an energy-efficient, low-speed wireless communication system predominantly employed in industrial environments, based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The ZigBee Alliance also developed Dotdot, a universal language for the Internet of Things (IoT), allowing interoperability between intelligent objects and enabling secure connections across different networks.
LiteOS is an OS with Unix-like features for wireless sensor networks, smartphones, wearables, intelligent manufacturing, smart homes, and IoV. It also provides a platform for developing smart devices.
OneM2M is a service layer that facilitates machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, allowing software and hardware to connect devices. It is backed by a global standardization body to create reusable standards, promoting interconnectivity between IoT applications across distinctive industries.
The Object Management Group (OMG) developed Data Distribution Service (DDS), an IoT standard for M2M communication that is real-time, scalable, and high-performance.
AMQP is an open-source published standard for asynchronous messaging over the wire that provides encrypted and interoperable communication between organizations and applications. It is utilized for client-server messaging and IoT device management.
The IETF has designed the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) to enable low-power, resource-limited devices to participate in the internet of things.
LoRaWAN is a protocol crafted for Wide Area Networks (WANs) to connect large-scale networks, like smart cities, with millions of low-power devices.